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Silážování mechanicky upraveného vlhkého kukuřičného zrna
Balatka, Michal
This diploma thesis examines the method of silage preparation and the effect of selected additives in mechanically treated wet corn grain (HMGC). In a literature search, the issue is summarized according to the available information, ranging from methods of using maize seeds as whole plants to split harvesting with use for silage. The development of historical methods, technological factors affecting the quality of the resulting silage, the appropriate choice of silage additives, storage to bag, opening and the method of silage collection are described. Attention is also paid to the course of the fermentation process, the various factors affecting the resulting silage are related to quality indicators and an evaluation of the quality of wet maize grain silages. In the practical part, an experiment was carried out that focuses on the application of different additives used in the ensiling of HMGC and storage time. In a specific farm, silage was placed in polyethylene bags and sampling with subsequent analyses was carried out at time intervals. Silage additive variants are compared with each other in parameters monitoring nutritional value and fermentation quality. The results were then evaluated and processed by statistical methods presented in tables and graphs.
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Analýza kvalitativních ukazatelů silážovaných krmiv
NECHVÁTAL, Jaroslav
The aim of this thesis is to analyse chosen characteristics of silage quality. Total of 119 samples of grass silage and corn silage from the year 2018 were analysed. The quality of fermentation was analysed and silage was evaluated according to "Norma 2004", german evaluation system by Kaiser 2006 and slovakian system by Mitrík 2016. All the results were compared. 82 % of samples according to "Norma 2004", 88 % according to Kaiser and 83 % according to Mitrík were classified as the first class of fermentation. The influence of additives was also included in the evaluation of fermentation. The influence of bacterial and bacterial-enzymatic additives on the content of nutrients was observed. The results were compared with the average values of the silage of the year 2018.
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Stanovení in vitro stravitelnosti organické hmoty kukuřičné siláže pepsin-celulázovou metodou
FOUS, Dominik
Silage, and especially maize silage, is the most abundant roughage both in the Czech Republic and in Europe. Silage compensates for a large part of the energy needed for the proper performance of animals. Stable efficiency and its increase can be ensured only by a constant and balanced composition of the feed ration throughout the year. Due to the importance of preparing quality feed, additives are often used. It is possible to add homofermentative bacteria to the ensiled mass with silage additives to rapidly lower the pH of the silage, or to add heterofermentative bacteria which improve aerobic stability in the silage, it is also possible to combine these bacteria or use other silage additives.
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Využití aditiv při výrobě siláží ze zavadlé píce
Sankot, Jiří
This bachelor thesis deals with many scientific technologies for the processing of wheat which will ensure its usability for a long time. And it will bring higher nutritional value of the feed compared to easier drying. This technology is silage production. The bachelor thesis characterizes the material for silage, describes the individual forages that are suitable for silage in our conditions, such as clovers, grasses and grass-clovers mixtures. Moreover, it describes the principle of silige production along with their influences. There are also described various ways of storing these conservated feeds. The main part of the thesis is devoted to silage ingredients. They are preservatives that are added to the deposited matter to improve the fermentation process and ensure the best quality of the resulting feed. The thesis presents their classification and also the difficulty associated with their use. In the last part of this work the feed analysis is described. Three samples of feed were taken from silk bales from a family farm and examined. Their analysis was carried out in the laboratory of Mendel university in Brno. The resulting values of the substances in the individual samples were different. After comparing with standard (norm) values, it was found out that the samples are comming from good quality feed, ranging from 10.17-12.32% of crude protein, 7.79% to 9.17% of ash, 3.02% to 3.36% of fat and 28,77 - 26.57% crude fiber. The result of this thesis is a proposal that recommends to use suitable silage additives for the further harvesting of wheat.
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Vliv biologického a chemického ošetření na výskyt biogenních aminů u vojtěškových siláží
Remerová, Pavla
In the experiment, the influence of two different biological silage additives (Lactococcus lactis (NCIMB 30117), Lactobacillus plantarum (DSM 16568), Enterococcus faecium (DSM 22 502 / NCIMB 11181), the enzyme xylanase EC 3.2.1.8.) And chemical (43% formic acid 30% ammonium formate and 10% propionic acid and 2% benzoic acid) at a concentration of biogenic amines, nutrient content, evaluation of the quality of the fermentation process and microbiological parameters for alfalfa silage (Medicago sativa). Silage fermentation time was 90 days. Biological silage additive significantly increased incidence of putrescine (51%; P <0.05), lactic acid (11%; P <0.05), protein (11%; P <0.05). Conversely, there was a significant reduction cadaverine (29%; P <0.05), histamine (57%; P <0.05), spermidine (15%; P <0.05), spermine (55%; P <0.05), acid acid (40%; P <0.05), ethanol (55%; P <0.05) ammonia (25%; P <0.05), and ash (9%; P <0.05). In the group treated by chemical silage additive is statistically significantly increased histamine content (63%; P <0.05) and tyramine (34%; P <0.05). Decreases in the concentration of putrescine (18%; P <0.05), cadaverine (55%; P <0.05), spermidine (47%, P <0.05), spermine (45%; P <0.05), lactic acid ( 16%; P <0.05), acetic acid (46%; P <0.05) ammonia (59%, P <0.05), ash (13%, P <0.05) and fat (24%, P < 0.05). From a microbiological point of view have been affected by the lactic acid bacteria, molds, yeasts, enterobacteria and total number of microorganisms. The results show that to maintain hygiene and healthy silage is preferable to use biological and chemical silage additives. For alfalfa silage inoculant chemical has higher efficiency in maintaining health security silage compared with biological inoculant
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Stroje a strojní linky pro sklizeň pícnin
Práza, Martin
This thesis gives a description of technique utilization forage and methods about forage preservation. Next part presents the factors and opportunity of organization machinery to the machine line for ensilage. Practical part compares results of practical field experiment about self propelled harvester and various transport vehicles for transport cutter forage. The experiment monitored fuel consumption, engine hours, turnover time and transporting amount of vehicles which are then compared.
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Vliv technologických postupů na kvalitu siláží v měnících se ekonomických podmínkách
Neuman, Aleš
This research describes several major crops grown in the Czech Republic for ensiling and production of bulk feed for dairy cows. It describes their growing technology, harvesting technology and the ensilage process. It also evaluates the impact of the weather, especially its extreme fluctuations in recent times on the quality of the forage and the resulting canned fodder. It evaluates the quality of the feeds of a particular company on the basis of the analysis of silage from different years. Based on an analysis of the company's accounting records, the valuation of bulk feeds produced by the company itself. Subsequently, she is evaluating feed rations of individual groups of dairy cows for the reference period of 15 months. It evaluates the efficiency of feed rations, hence the profitability of the whole breed and the possibility of responding to fluctuations in prices on the agrarian market.
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Hodnocení obsahu mykotoxinů v objemných krmivech jako primárním zdroji antinutričních látek v potravním řetězci
Bartoňková, Natálie
The aim of this thesis was to evaluated the content of mycotoxins in bulky feed. It was evaluated samples of bulky feed of perennial ryegrass, hybrid of italian ryegrass, orchard grass, red clover, hybrid of red clover and lucerne. The content of zearalenon and deoxynivalenol was established by metod ELISA. The difference was in content of mycotoxins in green fodder ang silages. On the content of deoxynivalenol had conclusive influence the type and the preservation (P less 0,05). In green fodder of the grass content of the deoxynivalenol was moveing between 0,14 and2,23 mg/kg, in silages was reduced. In clovers was conclusive influence of preservation (P less 0,05) on the content of the deoxynivalenol, when the green forred contained higher amount between 0,47 and 1,31 mg/kg. The content of the zearalenon was in grasses similar like in green fodder and silage, except for variant křížence jílku, which in the silage achieved values up to 959,98 microg/kg. On the content of zearalenon in clovers had influence the base, when in Troubsko was recorded higher ammount of mycotoxins in silages, while in Vatín the content was higher in green fodder.
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Využití sušených a silážovaných kopřiv pro přikrmování srnčí zvěře v honitbě MS Trpín-Hartmanice
Heger, Jan
This thesis follows up the using of dried and ensilage nettles for the supplemental feeding of the roe deer.The aim was to check up the possibilities of the preservation of the nettles and their intake of the roe deer.They were tested the possibilities of the prezervation the nettles to dry all the plant and to ensilage of the wilted to cut up the plants.The produced silages have evaluated in the nutritive value terms and quality and it has observed the intake of the roe deer the compared with other fooders. In this thesis it was discovered that the nettles which they are weeds for us and grow up all around,it is possible effectively to use for supplemental feeding of roe deer and the fooder made from these plants is similar its nutritive value to other volume fodders,which are suitable for supplemental feeding. The extensive labour - intensity of the preparation the silage is the main barrier of the extensive using the nettles.
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Vliv zavadání, kontaminace píce zeminou a použitých konzervantů na kvalitu a zdravotní bezpečnost siláží vojtěšky seté
Spáčilová, Kristýna
The aim of this diploma thesis was to evaluate the effects of wilting, soil contamination and use of silage additive on selected characteristics of green fodder and lucerne (Medicago sativa) silage. The plan material was obtained from the Research institute for Fodder Crops in Vatín. Unwilted fodder consisted in 24 % of dry matter content; wilted fodder consisted in 33 % of dry matter content. Selected samples were contaminated with soil at 30 g/kg of mass. Silage was in untreated variant (control) and two treated variants (either with biological additive or with chemical additive). Unwilted fodder had significantly (p<0,05) higher content of histamine and spermidine. Wilted fodder had a significantly (p<0,01) higher content of putrescine. In lucerne silage, factor of contamination had more significant (p<0,01) effect on ash content, and used silage additive had a statistically significant effect (p<0,05) on NDF content in silage. Significantly higher (p<0,01) content of clostridia was observed in silage from wilted fodder. The wilting factor had significantly higher effect (p<0,01) on content of ammonia, organic acids (LA, AA, PA, BA) and significant effect (p<0,05) on pH. Silage from wilted fodder was characterized by a higher pH, higher content of LA and lower content ammonia, AA, PA, BA. Contamination had significant effect (p<0,05) on increasing pH, reduction of LA and significant effect (p<0,01) on increased content of ammonia, AA, PA, BA. The silage additives significantly (p<0,05) decreased pH and significantly (p<0,01) decreased ammonia, PA, BA levels and increased LA, AA levels. The most abundant biogenic amines in silage were histamine (969 mg / kg), tyramine (800 mg / kg), putrescin (1754 mg / kg) and cadaverine (501 mg / kg). The biological additive used in the sufficiently wilted fodder works better to prevent the formation of biogenic amines and result in a more suitable fermentation profile.
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